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Learn Body Language Reading. Read Guide. How To Interpret Your Dreams. Overcome your Fears and Phobias. Sign Up. Sign In Sign Up. Psychologist World Toggle Navigation Learn more psychology. When Pavlov discovered that any object or event which the dogs learned to associate with food such as the lab assistant would trigger the same response, he realized that he had made an important scientific discovery. Accordingly, he devoted the rest of his career to studying this type of learning.
Pavlov started from the idea that there are some things that a dog does not need to learn. In behaviorist terms , food is an unconditioned stimulus and salivation is an unconditioned response. In his experiment, Pavlov used a metronome as his neutral stimulus. By itself the metronome did not elecit a response from the dogs. Next, Pavlov began the conditioning procedure, whereby the clicking metronome was introduced just before he gave food to his dogs.
After a number of repeats trials of this procedure he presented the metronome on its own. As you might expect, the sound of the clicking metronome on its own now caused an increase in salivation.
So the dog had learned an association between the metronome and the food and a new behavior had been learned. Because this response was learned or conditioned , it is called a conditioned response and also known as a Pavlovian response. The neutral stimulus has become a conditioned stimulus. Pavlov found that for associations to be made, the two stimuli had to be presented close together in time such as a bell. He called this the law of temporal contiguity. If the time between the conditioned stimulus bell and unconditioned stimulus food is too great, then learning will not occur.
Pavlov and his studies of classical conditioning have become famous since his early work between To summarize, classical conditioning later developed by Watson, involves learning to associate an unconditioned stimulus that already brings about a particular response i.
The dog was allowed to eat the food without any hassle. The routine was continued for a few days. A bell was ranged and the dog was immediately served with food meat powder. During the first few trials, the dog salivated at the sight of meat. The dog did not show any response towards the sound of the bell, but continued to salivate after the food was present. After a number of such trials were conducted, a test trial was introduced with everything same as the previous trials, except that no food was presented following the sound of the bell.
It was then seen that the dog still continued to salivate at the sound of the bell, expecting the presentation of food.
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