Waves of migrating Celtic peoples from the 8th century BC onward had settled heavily in northern and central Spain, penetrating Portugal and Galicia, but left the indigenous Iberian people of the south and east intact. These Celtic invaders were closely related to other Celts from Western Europe.
The northern and central region holds the least Mediterranean ancestry DNA in Iberia, while there is northern African influence evident in the Southern and Western regions of the peninsula which had commercial and cultural relations with Mediterranean trading partners.
The modern Iberian Peninsula also attributes a level of ancestry originating in a long Moorish presence. The Moors were a nomadic people from North Africa; originally inhabitants of parts of Morocco and Algeria. In AD, they invaded Spain, bringing their Islamic religion and culture with them; they inhabited two-thirds of the peninsula for years, about half of it for another years and finally just the kingdom of Granada for a remaining years before being defeated by Ferdinand and Isabella on 1 January Those who claim the black hair of some Irish as evidence of Spanish influence would be wise to realize that black hair is the most common of all human hair colors globally.
It is a dominant genetic trait and is found in people of all backgrounds and ethnicities. Those who made it to shore landed in enemy territory and English troops and Irish loyalists stripped survivors of their possessions before turning them over to the Crown for a reward. Virtually none survived to settle down and wed Irish women since those few who escaped detection were more anxious to get out of enemy territory and back to home and family in Spain.
So, despite the lack of ancestral DNA, it can be truly said that the Irish and Spanish have always been brothers in Christ. Essays are by top scholars of Latin America and include critical bibliographies. Volumes 1 and 2 cover colonial Latin America, and both are now available online.
Lockhart, James, and Stuart B. Cambridge Latin American Studies Sophisticated volume by two of the foremost scholars of colonial Iberian America. Probably best suited to upper-division classes. Includes a useful annotated bibliography. McAlister, Lyle N. Spain and Portugal in the New World, — Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, Elegantly written survey that covers institutional and social history of both Iberian nations and their New World colonies.
Weber, David J. The Spanish Frontier in North America. A deeply researched work that was among the first to integrate histories of the Spanish frontiers across what is today the United States. Useful for thematic classes at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content on this page.
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