A female team of scientists at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory calculated the rocket's trajectory, and team member Barbara Paulson recalled in an interview that she was the one confirming that Explorer 1 made it safely into space.
One of history's most famous space photos occurred that night. Von Braun and two other people held a model Juno rocket over their heads during a press briefing concerning the successful launch. It was a good night for the Germans, as well as for the American space program. Explorer 1's launch was a large policy coup , to be sure, but what was also interesting was the science the little satellite beamed back. Its prime science experiment was a cosmic ray detector designed by James Van Allen, a physicist at the University of Iowa.
Cosmic rays are energetic radiated particles from space — bits of atoms that can include protons, electrons or nuclei. The little satellite detected fewer cosmic rays in its orbit which ranged from miles from Earth to 1, miles than Van Allen expected. The physicist proposed this might be because radiation in Earth's magnetic field may prevent the cosmic rays from coming in.
Explorer 3, launched in March , discovered these magnetic field belts. Today, they are known as the Van Allen Belts. Of Explorer 1's 30 pounds, more than 18 pounds of that was made up of instruments. Besides the cosmic ray detectors, it also carried experiments such as temperature sensors both internal and external and a microphone to listen for micrometeorites hitting the satellite.
NASA painted the instrument portion of the satellite white and dark green, which was supposed to regulate temperatures on the section.
Dark colors absorb more heat, and white absorb less. The agency notes that the satellite was simple by design, as they wanted to ensure it was as reliable as possible. Explorer 3 Gamma 1. Explorer 6 S-2 Able 3. Explorer 8 S Explorer 10 P Explorer 11 S September 21, [12]. Solrad 9 SE B. June 30, [14]. November 13, In L1 orbit. June 21, Hibernation [16]. May 10, [17]. December 18, [18]. October [20]. Formerly in L2 orbit. Solar Orbit.
United States Port Canaveral FL Sarzin cachet on cover Explorer-4 launch but the satellite was launched by a Juno-1 rocket rather than the Jupiter-C rocket specified in the text and depicted in the cachet; that image of a Jupiter IRBM Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile was taken from this postcard see also the postcard front.
Flick cachet on cover poorly-depicted Explorer-6 S2 launch. Explorer-6 S2 first televised image. Explorer-6 S2 launch. Explorer-7 S1A launch. Swanson red rubber-stamp cachet on cover Explorer-8 S30 launch. Swanson printed cachet on cover Explorer S15 launch.
United States Wallops Island VA hand cancel Swanson magenta rubber-stamp cachet and signature on airmail cover Explorer-S55 launch [failed].
Swanson printed cachet on cover Explorer S55A launch. Swanson purple rubber-stamp cachet on cover Explorer AE-A launch. Swanson black rubber-stamp cachet on cover Explorer-S66 launch [failed]. Swanson purple rubber-stamp cachet on cover Explorer-S66 launch [failed]. This satellite replaces the original CryoSat which was lost owing to a launch failure in Swarm is a constellation of three satellites that will provide high-precision and high-resolution measurements of the strength and direction of the Earth's magnetic field.
The geomagnetic field models resulting from the Swarm mission will provide new insights into the Earth's interior, further our understanding of atmospheric processes related to climate and weather, and will also have practical applications in many different areas such as space weather and radiation hazards. ADM-Aeolus will be the first space mission to measure wind profiles on a global scale. It will improve the accuracy of numerical weather forecasting and advance our understanding of atmospheric dynamics and processes relevant to climate variability and climate modelling.
0コメント